The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law

I Introduction
1: Randall Lesaffer: Too Much History: From War as a Sanction to the Sanctioning of War
2: Daniele Archibugi, Mariano Croce, and Andrea Salvatore: The Debate about the Prohibition of the Use of Force and Collective Security as a Structural Element of International Relations Discourse Through the Centuries
3: Michael Glennon: The Limitations of Traditional Rules and Institutions Relating to the Use of Force
4: James Crawford and Rowan Nicholson: The Relevance of Established Rules and Institutions Relating to the Use of Force
5: Gina Heathcote: Feminist Perspectives on the Law on the Use of Force
6: Jean d'Aspremont: The Use of Force as Enforcement of the International Legal Order?
7: Alexander Orakhelashvili: Changing Jus Cogens through State Practice? - the Case of the Prohibition of the Use of Force
II Collective Security and the Non-use of Force
8: Ramesh Thakur: Reconfiguring the UN System of Collective Security
9: Niels Blocker: Security Council Authorizations to Use Force: Recent Developments
10: Ian Johnstone: When the Security Council is Divided: Imprecise Authorizations, Implied Mandates, and the 'Unreasonable Veto'
11: Rob McLaughlin: No-Fly Zones and Maritime Exclusion Zones in Security Council Practice
12: Penelope Nevill: Military Sanctions Enforcement in the Absence of Express Authorization?
13: Nigel D. White: The Relationship Between the UN Security Council and General Assembly in Matters of International Peace and Security
14: Erika de Wet: Regional Organizations and Arrangements: Authorization, Ratification or Independent Action
15: Mark Weisburd: Justicibility of Matters Concerning the Use of Force, including issues addressed by the UN Security Council, before the ICJ
16: Scott Sheeran: The Use of Force in Complex Peace-keeping and Governance Operations
17: Haidi Willmot and Ralph Mamiya: Protection of Civilians in Security Council Practice
18: Nicholas Tsagourias: Self-defence, Protection of Humanitarian Values and the Doctrine of Impartiality and Neutrality in Enforcement Mandates
19: Charlotte Ku: Transparency, Accountability, and Responsibility for Internationally Mandated Operations
20: Andre Nollkaemper: Failure to Protect: Recent Experiences
III The Prohibition of the Use of Force, Self-Defence, and other Concepts
21: Nico Schrijver: Article 2(4): History and Present Content
22: Jan Klabbers: Intervention, Armed Intervention, Armed Attack, Threat to Peace, Act of Aggression, and Threat or Use of Force - What's the Difference?
23: Chaloka Beyani: Non-aggression in the African Union
24: Jen Michel Arrighi: The Prohibition of the Use of Force and Non-intervention: Ambition and Practice in the OAS region
25: Sean Murphy: The Crime of Aggression at the ICC
26: Claus Kress: The Prohibition of the Use of Force and Self-defence in ICJ Jurisprudence
27: Vaios Koutroulis: The Prohibition of the Use of Force in Arbitrations and Fact-Finding Reports
28: Jorg Kammerhofer: The Resilience of the Restrictive Rules on Self-defence
29: Sir Michael Wood: Self-defence and Collective Security: Key Distinctions
30: Ashley Deeks: Taming the Doctrine of Preemption
31: Kimberley Trapp: Can Non-state Actors Mount an Armed Attack?
32: Noam Lubell: The Problem of Imminence in an Uncertain World
33: Lindsay Moir: Action against Host States of Terrorist Groups
34: Terry Gill: When Does Self-defence End?
35: Jean Christophe Martin: Theatre of Operations
IV Action on Behalf of Peoples and Populations
36: Sir Nigel Rodley: Humanitarian Intervention
37: David Wippman: Pro-democratic Action
38: Gregory H. Fox: Intervention by Invitation
39: Elizabeth Chadwick: Self-determination Movements
40: Marc Weller: A Unifying Theory of Forcible Action on Behalf of Peoples and Populations
V Revival of Classical Concepts?
41: Olivier Corten: Necessity
42: Shane Darcy: Retaliation and Reprisal
43: Bill Gilmore: Hot Pursuit
44: Anne Lagerwall and François Dubuisson: The Threat of the Use of Force and Ultimata
45: Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg: Blockades and Interdictions
46: Mathias Forteau: Rescuing Nationals Abroad
47: Martin Waelisch: Peace Agreements and the Use of Force
48: Marina Mancini: The Effects of a State of War or Armed Conflict
VI Emerging Areas?
49: Guglielmo Verdirame and Vasco Becker Weinberg: Opposing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Delivery Vehicles through Interdiction Operations
50: Daniel Joyner: The Implications of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction for the Prohibition of the Use of Force
51: Douglas Guilfoyle: Forcible Action to Combat Piracy
52: Marco Pertile: The Changing Environment and Emerging Resource Conflicts
53: Jordan Paust: Remotely Piloted Warfare as a Challenge to the Ius ad Bellum
54: Michael Schmidt: Cyber 'Attacks' - is the Law on the Use of Force ever Involved
55: Ian Ralby: Private Military Companies and the Ius ad Bellum
VII General Problems
56: Andre de Hoogh: Ius Cogens Restrictions on, or Demands for, Forcible Action
57: Theodora Christodoulidou and Kalliopi Chainoglou: Proportionality
58: Keiichiro Okimoto: The Interrelationship of the Ius ad bellum and the Ius in bello
59: Paolo Palchetti: Third States and the Use of Force
VII Conclusion
60: Marc Weller: Conclusion

Alexia Solomou, Research and Publications Assistant to the Director, Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge

Marc Weller is Professor of International Law and International Constitutional Studies in the University of Cambridge and the Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law. He became a member of the Faculty of Law of the University of Cambridge in 1990. From 1997-2000 he was Deputy Director of the Centre of International Studies. He has been Director of Graduate Education in the Department of Politics and International Studies of the University since 2008. Professor Weller holds Masters degrees from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and the University of Cambridge, and Doctorates in Law, in Economic and Social Sciences, and in International Law from the Universities of Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cambridge respectively.

Assistant Editor: Alexia Solomou is Research and Publications Assistant to the Director, Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge

Contributors: 
Daniele Archibugi - Research Director at the Italian National Research Council, Rome 
Jean Michel Arrighi - Secretary for Legal Affairs, Organization of American States 
Chaloka Beyani - London School of Economics 
Niels Blokker - Leiden Law School 
Elizabeth Chadwick - Nottingham Law School 
Kalliopi Chainoglou - University of Macedonia
Theodora Christodouli - Legal Service of the Republic of Cyprus
Olivier Corten - Universite Libre de Bruxelles 
James Crawford - University of Cambridge 
Mariano Croce - University of Antwerp
Jean d'Aspremont - University of Amsterdam
Shane Darcy - Irish Centre for Human Rights, NUI, Galway 
Andre de Hoogh - University of Groningen 
Ashley Deeks - University of Virginia Law School 
Mathias Forteau - University of Paris Ouest 
Gregory H. Fox - Wayne State Law School 
Terry Gill - University of Amsterdam
Bill Gilmore - Edinburgh Law School 
Michael Glennon - Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University 
Douglas Guilfoyle - University College London 
Gina Heathcote - School of Oriental and African Studies 
Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg - Europa-Universität Viadrina, Frankfurt 
Ian Johnstone - Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University 
Daniel Joyner - University of Alabama 
Joerg Kammerhofer - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 
Jan Klabbers - University of Helsinki 
Vaios Koutroulis - Université Libre de Bruxelles
Claus Kress - Universitat Koln 
Charlotte Ku - College of Law, University of Illinois 
Randall Lesaffer - Tilburg University 
Noam Lubell - University of Essex 
Marina Mancini - Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria
Jean Christophe Martin - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis 
Rob McLaughlin - Australian National University 
Ralph Mamiya - United Nations
Lindsay Moir - University of Hull 
Sean Murphy - George Washington University 
Penelope Nevill - 20 Essex Street Chambers
Andre Nollkaemper - University of Amsterdam 
Keiichiro Okimoto - Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations
Alexander Orakhelashvili - Birmingham Law School
Paolo Palchetti - Università degli studi di Macerata
Jordan Paust - University of Houston 
Marco Pertile - The Graduate Institute, Geneva 
Ian Ralby - University of Cambridge 
Sir Nigel Rodley - University of Essex 
Andrea Salvatore - La Sapienza, University of Rome 
Michael Schmidt - University of Durham
Nico Schrijver - Leiden Law School 
Scott Sheeran - University of Essex 
Ramesh Thakur - Crawford School, Australian National University 
Kimberley Trapp - University of Cambridge
Nicholas Tsagourias - University of Glasgow 
Guglielmo Verdirame - King's College London 
Martin Waehlisch - American University, Beirut
Mark Weisburd - University of North Carolina 
Erika de Wet - University of Pretoria
Vasco Becker Weinberg - Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
Nigel D. White - Nottingham Law School 
Haidi Willmot - University of Essex 
David Wippman - University of Minnesota 
Sir Michael Wood - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law