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Comparative Analysis of Interim Measures – Interim Remedies (England & Wales) v Preservation Measures (China)

Comparative Analysis of Interim Measures – Interim Remedies (England & Wales) v Preservation Measures (China)

  • 作者:
  • 出版商: Informa Law from Routledge
  • ISBN: 9780367429430
  • 出版时间 May 2022
  • 规格: Hardback
  • 适应领域: U.K. ? 免责申明:
    Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
  • Paperback Edition ISBN: 9781032257884
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  • 描述 
  • 大纲 
  • 详细

    Interim remedies and provisional measures are a critical component of civil/commercial litigation and arbitration. The objective of this book is to set out not just the law and practice in relation to the primary interim remedies and preservation measures available in England & Wales and China, but also to provide the comparative analysis between the two jurisdictions concerning these interim measures.

    The system for interim remedies in England & Wales is well-established, but preservation measures in China are a work in progress and many differences exist between the two legal systems, both in terms of theory and practice. For example, China does not recognise the general concept of interim measures, if looked at from the English law point of view, though it does have similar concepts of Property preservation, evidence preservation and behaviour preservation. China has recently adopted Chinese Civil Code 2020 and in writing this book the authors have incorporated all the relevant elements from the new Code. There is no equivalent of Practice Directions in China, and this book provides provide much needed clarity on this area, drawing together the law and guidance which is presently scattered across numerous local courts in the different provinces.

    This is an important book that is likely to have a significant impact on existing scholarship regarding interim remedies in England, Wales and China, and be of interest of all parties involved in cross-border litigation. Its readership will include industry professionals, academics, policy-makers and government officials.

  • Part 1 - Introduction to the concepts in Book and Legal System and Procedural Law of England & Wales and China
    Chapter 1: Introduction to Interim Measures in England & Wales and China
    INTRODUCTION TO INTERIM MEASURES
    Role of Interim Measures within a Civil Procedural System
    Interim Measures in England & Wales
    Interim Measures in China
    Different Terminologies used for Interim Measures
    Interim Measures and Cause of Action
    Delays in Civil/Commercial Litigation & Interim Measures
    ISSUES OF INTERIM MEASURES IN ARBITRATION
    Interim Remedies/Preservation Measures in Arbitration
    Issues as to the Enforceability of Interim Remedies/Preservation Measures granted by Tribunal
    RELEVANT ECOSYSTEM FOR INTERIM MEASURES
    Need & Role for Interim Measures in the Current Business Environment
    Current Business Environment
    Additional Reasons for granting Interim Measures
    Utility of Interim Remedies/Preservation Measures
    DOCTRINES GOVERNING INTERIM MEASURES
    Fundamental Principles of Interim Measures
    Judges’ Primary Focus Before Rendering Interim Remedies/Preservation Measures
    INTERIM REMEDIES IN ENGLAND & WALES
    Equity, Equitable Remedies and Injunction
    History of Injunctions
    Injunctions as an Equitable Remedy
    General Evolution of Interim Remedies in Modern Era
    Evolution of Freezing Injunctions
    Evolution of Interim Injunction
    Evolution of Search Orders
    Evolution of other Interim Remedies (including relevant to maritime disputes)
    Interim Remedies and Arbitration in England & Wales
    PRESERVATION MEASURES IN CHINA
    Introduction to Preservation Measures in China
    Evolution of Civil Procedure Law & Preservation Procedures
    Evolution of Property Preservation Measures – The First Stage (1949-1982)
    Evolution of Property Preservation Measures – The Second Stage (1982-2012)
    Evolution of Behaviour Preservation Measures
    Maritime Injunctions
    Evolution of Evidence Preservation Measures
    Relevant Academic Debates on Evolution of Preservation Measures
    Evolution of Preservation Measures – The Rapid Pace Stage (2012- Present)
    SPC’s interpretations and Local Courts’ Guidance documents
    Preservation Measures and Arbitration in China
    Closing Remark on Introduction of Preservation Measures in China
    OTHER ISSUES WITH INTERIM MEASURES
    Interim Measures as Commercial Litigation Tactics
    Dispute of facts In Interim Measures & Interim Hearings
    CONCLUDING REMARKS
    Reasons for Comparing Interim measures – England & Wales v China
    Arrangement of Chapters in this Book
    A Tad of warning for Readers
    Chapter 2: Legal System and Procedural Law in England & Wales
    SOURCES OF ENGLISH LAW
    STATUTORY LAW
    JUDGE-MADE LAW
    INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
    KEY STATUTES ON INTERIM REMEDIES
    THE CIVIL PROCEDURE RULES (CPR)
    CIVIL PROCEDURE BASICS
    TERMINOLOGY: INTERIM, INTERLOCUTORY AND FINAL
    TERMINOLOGY: TEMPORARY, PERMANENT AND PERPETUAL
    CPR PART 25: "INTERIM REMEDIES AND SECURITY FOR COSTS"
    ENGLISH CIVIL COURTS
    ALLOCATION OF CASES WITHIN THE HIGH COURT
    POWERS OF JUDGES OF THE HIGH COURT TO GRANT INTERIM REMEDIES
    COURT OF APPEAL AND UK SUPREME COURT
    JURISDICTION
    SERVICE OF ORIGINATING PROCESS
    (i) Permission not required: service within the UK
    (ii) Permission not required: service outside the UK
    (iii) Permission required: 2.81 - 2.86
    OBTAINING PERMISSION TO SERVE OUT OF THE JURISDICTION: 2.87 - 2.89
    PROCEDURAL STAGE AT WHICH INTERIM REMEDIES CAN BE GRANTED: 2.90 - 2.94
    PROCEDURE ON AN INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATION FOR AN INTERIM REMEDY: 2.95 - 2.97
    WITHOUT NOTICE APPLICATIONS: 2.98 - 108
    FULL AND FRANK DISCLOSURE: 2.109 - 2.117
    UNDERTAKINGS: 2.118 - 2.124
    COURT’S POWER TO ENFORCE INTERIM REMEDIES AND UNDERTAKINGS: 2.125 - 2.129
    Chapter 3: The Legal System and The General Rules for Preservation Measures in China
    INTRODUCTION
    The Civil Litigation Procedure System of China
    SOURCES OF LAW APPLICABLE FOR PRESERVAION MEASURES
    Legislation
    Legislation (I): General Laws
    Legislation (II): Special Laws
    Regulations
    Judicial Interpretations and Other Judicial Documents
    Guiding Case and Reference Case
    THE CHINESE COURT SYSTEM
    Overview of The Court System
    Preservations in The Court System
    HIERARCHICAL TRIAL SYSTEM
    TIER SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF PRESERVAITON MEASURES
    PRESERVATION PROCEDURAL STEPS IN CHINA
    Meaning of Pre-action Preservation Application
    Meaning of Post-action Preservation Application
    General Procedural Steps for Preservation Measures
    Online Preservation System of the People’s Court
    Various types of Scenarios in the Context of Preservation Measures
    JURISDICTION OF COURTS FOR CIVIL PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    Court Tier Jurisdiction for Preservation Applications
    Tier Jurisdiction of Domestic Cases
    Tier Jurisdiction of Foreign-related Cases
    Tier Jurisdiction of Specialised Courts: Exclusive Jurisdiction
    Territorial Jurisdiction to Consider for Preservation Applications
    Agreed Jurisdiction Clauses in relation to Preservation Applications
    Overseas Cases – Chinese Court’s Jurisdiction over Preservation Applications
    Maritime Court’s Jurisdiction over Preservation Applications for Overseas Cases
    Choice of Venue if there are two competent Courts
    Jurisdiction for Preservation Applications after Completion of the First Instance
    Jurisdiction after Making an Effective Judgment or Award
    APPLICATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF COURT ORDERS OF MACAU, HONG KONG AND TAIWAN
    Macau and the Mainland
    Hong Kong and the Mainland
    Taiwan and the Mainland
    FORMAT OF THE PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    Written Format or Others
    Requirements as to Translation
    Requirements as to Notarisation and Legalisation
    Flexible Requirements as to Notarisation and Legalisation in IP Disputes
    SECURITY FOR APPLICATION OF PRESERVATIONS
    Overview of Security for Application of Preservations
    Security for Maritime Preservation Measure Applications
    Countersecurity of the Respondent
    Types of Security or Countersecurity
    Property Security(I): Scope of Security
    Property Security (II): Nature and Steps of Property Security
    Property Security (III): Legal Effect of Property Security
    Cash Security (I): Introduction
    Cash Security (II): Payment Method
    Cash Security (III): Nature of Cash Security
    A letter of guarantee (Credit Guarantee) (I): Introduction
    A Letter of Guarantee (II): Lack of Unified Rule
    A Letter of Guarantee (III): Development of Credit Guarantee
    A Letter of Guarantee (IV): Maritime Law Domain
    A Letter of Guarantee (V): Online Guarantee
    Exemptions from Providing Security
    The Scope of Application of Preservation Security Guidance
    LEGAL COSTS IN PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    General Legal Costs
    Insurance Fee for Security of Preservation
    Lawyer’s Fee
    The Burden of Legal Costs and Application Fees
    THE TIME LIMIT FOR RENDERING ORDERS
    LEGAL REMEDIES AGAINST AN ORDER (I): THE SUBJECT OF REMEDIES
    Concept of Interested Party and Outside Party
    LEGAL REMEDIES AGAINST AN ORDER (I) : RECONSIDERATION
    Reconsideration
    Appellate Remedy
    Claims of the Interested Party
    LEGAL REMEDIES AGAINST A PRESERVATION ORDER (III): RAISING OBJECTION
    Procedural Remedy of Objection to Enforcement of a Preservation Order
    Procedural Remedy of Objection to Subject Matter of a Preservation Order
    SANCTIONS FOR NOT OBEYING PRESERVATION ORDERS
    Sanctioned Behaviour and Parties
    Fine and Detention Penalty
    Criminal Penalty
    DISCHARGE OF ORDERS
    General Rules
    An Applicant’s Liability
    COMPENSATION: LEGAL REMEDY FROM SUBSTANTIVE LAW PERSPECTIVE
    General Rules
    Party Liable to Compensate an Injured Party
    Difference between Procedural Remedy and Substantive Remedy
    Annex 1
    Annex 2
    Part 2 - Interim Measures in Arbitration
    Chapter 4: Interim Remedies In Support Of Arbitration
    INTRODUCTION: 4.1
    THE NEW YORK CONVENTION: 4.2 - 4.3
    PART I OF THE ARBITRATION ACT 1996: 4.4 - 4.8
    RELEVANCE OF ENGLISH LAW: 4.9 - 4.13
    POWER OF ARBITRAL TRIBUNALS TO GRANT INTERIM REMEDIES: 4.14 - 4.15
    ORDERS: 4.16 - 4.17
    PROVISIONAL AWARDS: 4.18 - 4.20
    LIMITATIONS OF THE POWER OF ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS: 4.21 - 4.26
    POWERS OF THE ENGLISH COURT TO GRANT INTERIM REMEDIES IN RELATION TO ARBITRATION: 4.27
    SECTION 44 OF THE 1996 ACT: 4.28 - 4.35
    SECTION 44 AND NON-PARTIES: 4.36 - 4.39
    STAY OF ENGLISH COURT PROCEEDINGS: 4.40 - 4.43
    INTERIM ANTISUIT INJUNCTIONS IN SUPPORT OF ARBITRATION: 4.44 - 4.52
    Chapter 4a: Interim Measures In Arbitration (China)
    INTRODUCTION
    JURISDICTION OVER ARBITRAL PRESERVATION MEASURES IN CHINA
    Legal Foundation of Chinese Exclusive Jurisdiction
    Tier Jurisdiction in Non-Maritime Disputes
    Domestic Arbitration in Non-maritime Disputes
    Conflicts and Development of Jurisdiction in Non-Maritime Disputes
    Maritime Courts’ Jurisdiction for Arbitral Preservation Applications
    Emergency Arbitrators and Preservation Orders
    TYPES OF PRESERVATION MEASURES IN ARBITRATION
    JURISDICTION AND TYPES OF PRESERVATIONS IN THE CICC
    PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATIONS
    Procedural Step of Pre-arbitral Preservations in Practice
    Procedural Step after Submitting an Application
    Underlying Issues Affecting Preservation Applications
    PRESERVATIONS FOR FOREIGN ARBITRATIONS IN CHINA
    PRESERVATIONS FOR FOREIGN ARBITRATIONS IN CHINA (I): MARITIME ARBITRATION
    Test case for Post-arbitral Maritime Preservation
    Case Test for Pre-arbitral Maritime Preservation
    Limitation of Property Preservation Measure in Maritime Disputes
    PRESERVATIONS FOR FOREIGN ARBITRATIONS IN CHINA (II): MACAU AND THE MAINLAND
    PRESERVATIONS FOR FOREIGN ARBITRATIONS IN CHINA (III): TAIWAN AND THE MAINLAND
    PRESERVATIONS FOR FOREIGN ARBITRATIONS IN CHINA (IV): HONG KONG AND THE MAINLAND
    Background
    Types of Preservations
    Jurisdiction Over HK Arbitral Preservations
    Status Quo
    ARBITRAL PRESERVATION DURING RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN
    ARBITRAL AWAWRDS
    Part 3- Interim Measures for Property
    Chapter 5: Freezing Injunctions
    INTRODUCTION: 5.1
    MAREVA INJUNCTIONS AND ASSET PRESERVATION ORDERS: 5.2 - 5.8
    THE FREEZING INJUNCTION - ONE OF ENGLISH LAW’S "NUCLEAR WEAPONS": 5.9 - 5.11
    FREEZING INJUNCTIONS AS SECURITY: 5.12 - 5.15
    SOURCES OF LAW IN RELATION TO FREEZING INJUNCTION: 5.16 - 5.19
    JURISDICTION AND DISCRETION: 5.20 - 5.22
    (A) GOOD ARGUABLE CASE ON THE MERITS: 5.23 - 5.24
    (B) RISK OF DISSIPATION: 5.25 - 5.29
    (C) ASSETS TO BE CAUGHT: 5.30
    (D) JUSTICE AND CONVENIENCE: 5.31
    WORLDWIDE FREEZING INJUNCTIONS: 5.32 - 5.38
    ANCILLARY ORDERS: 5.39 - 5.40
    CHABRA INJUNCTIONS: 5.41 - 5.42
    THE STANDARD FORM OF ORDER: 5.43 - 5.55
    Chapter 6: Preservation Measure of Property in China
    INTRODUCTION
    Definition of Property Preservation and its Purpose
    Applicable Laws
    Definition of Preservation of Maritime Claims and its Purpose
    Applicable Laws in Maritime Law Domain
    FORMAT OF PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    APPLICANTS AND RESPONDENTS OF APPLICATIONS
    The Meanings of an Applicant and a Respondent
    Information on an Applicant and a Respondent and their Identifications
    THE SUBJECT MATTER OF APPLICATIONS: PROPERTY TO BE PRESERVED
    Category of Property
    New Development of Property to be Preserved
    Requirements of Preserved Property
    The Outside Party’s Preserved Property
    The Limitation of Preserved Property
    The Necessity of Preserved Property Valuation
    Burden of Proof on Preserved Property Valuation
    Approaches of Property Valuation
    The Floating Value of Property to be Preserved
    The Valuation of Excessive Property Preservation
    PRE-ACTION PROPERTY PRESERVATIONS
    Exact Information of Property in Applications
    Substantive Prerequisites for Pre-action Preservations
    Urgent Circumstances and Irreparable harms
    Requirement of Security
    Status Quo
    The Time Limit of Rendering Orders and Mode of Trials
    POST-ACTION PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    Specific Clues of Property
    Online Monitoring System for Property Information within China(I): Introduction
    Online Monitoring System for Property Information within China (II):
    Protection of Information
    Online Monitoring System for Property Information within China(III):
    Regional Online Monitoring System
    Security (I): Requirement
    Security (II): Exemptions from Providing Security
    The Time Limit of Rendering Orders and Respondents’ Defence
    The Possibility of Interim Hearing
    PROTECTION OF THE RESPONDENT’S INTERESTS
    Option of Multiple Properties
    Use of Preserved Property
    Sale of Preserved Property
    Substitution of Property (Respondents’ Counter Security)
    PROTECTION TO NON-PROFIT ENTITY
    THE TIME LIMIT AND RENEWAL OF PRESERVATION ORDER
    COMPENSATION CAUSED BY WRONGUL PROPERTY PRESERVATION
    Liability Principle of Wrongful Application
    Elements of Fault-based Liability
    PROPERTY PRESERVATION FEES
    Annex 1
    Annex 2
    Part 4 - Interim Measures for Conduct
    Chapter 7: Interim Injunctions
    INTRODUCTION: 7.1 - 7.3
    THE COURT’S POWER TO GRANT INTERIM INJUNCTIONS: 7.4 - 7.9
    AMERICAN CYANAMID: 7.10 - 7.12
    Stage One - Serious Issue To Be Tried: 7.13 - 7.15
    Stage Two - Adequacy Of Damages To Each Party: 7.16 - 7.24
    Stage Three - Balance Of Convenience: 7.25 - 7.29
    MANDATORY INTERIM INJUNCTIONS: 7.30 - 7.33
    WHERE THE OUTCOME OF THE APPLICATION WILL DETERMINE THE OVERALL DISPUTE: 7.34 - 7.39
    SPECIAL CASES WHERE THE AMERICAN CYANAMID TEST IS MODIFIED: 7.40
    (I) Freedom Of Expression: 7.41
    (Ii) Industrial Disputes: 7.42
    (Ii) Public Bodies: 7.43
    CASES WHERE INTERIM INJUNCTIONS ARE GENERALLY UNAVAILABLE: 7.44
    Defamation: 7.45
    Performance Bonds And Irrevocable Letters Of Credit: 7.46 - 7.51
    CASES WHERE AMERICAN CYANAMID DOES NOT APPLY: 7.52 - 7.53
    INTERIM ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS: 7.54 - 7.61
    Chapter 8: Preservation Measure of Behaviour in China
    INTRODUCTION
    Terminology
    Evolution and History
    ADVANCE ENFORCEMENT
    Meaning and Evolution of Advance Enforcement
    Scope of Application of Advance Enforcement
    Requirements of Advance Enforcement
    Reconsideration
    ‘Converse’ Behaviour Preservation
    Advance Enforcement v Advance Judgment
    Advance enforcement v Behaviour Preservation
    BEHAVIOUR PRESERVATON MEASURES
    Definition and Purpose of Behaviour Preservations
    Definition and Purpose of Maritime Injunctions
    Overview of Applicable Laws
    Applicable Law of Intellectual Property Disputes
    Applicable Law of Non-Intellectual Property Disputes
    Format of the Preservation Applications
    Meaning and Qualification of an Applicant
    Meaning of Respondent
    Scope of Behaviour Preservation Measures
    Positive Effect (I): Behaviour Preservation Measures in Family Dispute
    Positive Effect (II): Behaviour Preservation Measure in Commercial Disputes
    Current Issues(I): Lack of Unified Standard of Subject Matter
    Current Issues (II): Confusion Between the Behaviour and Property Preservation Measures
    Requirements for Behaviour Preservation Applications in Non-IP Disputes
    Requirements for Urgent Behaviour Preservation Applications in IP Disputes
    Requirement for Urgent Applications (I): Urgent Circumstances
    Requirement for Urgent Applications (II): Irreparable Harms
    Requirement for Urgent Applications (III): Stabilization of Rights
    Requirement for Urgent Applications (IV): Balance of Interests and Protection of Public Interests
    Requirements for Non-urgent Post-action Applications
    REQUIREMENT OF FURNISHING SECURITY
    Rules Regarding Furnishing Security in IP and non-IP Disputes
    Countersecurity Rules in IP and non-IP Disputes
    INQUIRY PROCEDURE OR INTERIM HEARING AND RESPONDENT’S DEFENCE
    Inquiry Procedure in Non-IP Disputes and Respondents’ Defence
    Inquiry Procedure for Maritime Injunction and Respondents’ Defence
    THE TIME LIMIT RENDERING POST-ACTION ORDERS
    TIME LIMIT AND RENEWAL OF PRESERVATION ORDERS
    First Type of Prescription of Time Limit
    Second Type of Prescription of Time Limit
    Renewal of Behaviour Preservation Order
    COMPENSATION CAUsED BY WRONGFUL BEHAVIOUR PRESERVATIONS
    COMPENSATION RULES IN IP DISPUTES
    The Retrospective Effect of Invalidity of Patent Right in IP Compensation
    Compensation Rules in Non-IP Disputes
    BEHAVIOUR PRESERVATION FEES
    Annex 1
    Annex 2
    Annex 3
    Annex 4
    Annex 5
    Part 5 - Interim Measures for Evidence
    Chapter 9: Search Orders
    INTRODUCTION: 9.1 - 9.9
    SOURCES OF LAW IN RELATION TO SEARCH ORDERS: 9.10 - 9.13
    SECTION 7 OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE ACT 1997: 9.14 - 9.15
    DISCRETIONARY REMEDY: 9.16 - 9.17
    STAGE AT WHICH A SEARCH ORDER CAN BE GRANTED: 9.18
    SEARCH ORDER IN SUPPORT OF SUBSTANTIVE PROCEEDINGS ELSEWHERE: 9.19 - 9.21
    PURPOSE OF SEARCH: 9.22 - 9.24
    WHO CAN APPLY? 9.25
    WHICH PREMISES CAN BE SEARCHED? 9.26 - 9.26
    AGAINST WHOM CAN A SEARCH ORDER BE GRANTED? 9.28 - 9.32
    PERSONAL JURISDICTION OVER THE RESPONDENT: 9.33 - 9.35
    SEARCH PARTY: 9.36 - 9.38
    SCOPE OF THE SEARCH: 9.39 - 9.40
    RESPONDENT’S DUTY TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE: 9.41
    THE PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION: 9.42 - 9.44
    APPLYING FOR A SEARCH ORDER: 9.45 - 9.47
    UNDERTAKINGS: 9.48 - 9.53
    THE FORMAT OF THE SEARCH ORDER: 9.54 - 9.56
    EXECUTING THE SEARCH ORDER: SERVICE: 9.57 - 9.61
    EXECUTING THE SEARCH ORDER: THE SEARCH: 9.62 - 9.65
    IMAGING ORDERS: 9.66 - 9.69
    Chapter 10: Preservation Measure of Evidence in China
    INTRODUCTION
    APPLICABLE LAWS
    Applicable Laws for General Disputes
    Applicable laws for Intellectual Property Disputes
    Applicable Laws for Maritime Disputes
    DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
    Definition and Purpose of Evidence Preservation Measures
    Definition and Purpose of Maritime Evidence Preservation
    FORMAT OF PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS AND KEY POINTS
    An Applicant and A Respondent
    Evidence to be Preserved
    Measure of Preservation
    PRELIMINARY PROCEDURAL EXAMINATION
    Test of Correlation and Necessity
    Case Test and Status Quo
    Tests in SMPL 1999 regime
    PRE-ACTION EVIDENCE PRESERVATION AND ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES
    Requirement of ‘Urgent Circumstances’
    The Principle of The Minimum Impact
    Status Quo for Pre-action Applications in Courts
    Alternative Remedy(I): Evidence Preservation by Notary Public Office
    Alternative Remedy(II):Online Preservation by way of Blockchain Technology
    TIME LIMIT OF POST-ACTIN APPLICATIONS
    Statutory Time Limit
    Agreed Time Limit
    REQUIREMENT FOR POST-ACTION EVIDENCE PRESERVATIONS
    General Requirements
    Requirements for IP Evidence Preservation and Its Understanding
    Other Consideration and Underlying Issue
    DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE DISCLOSURE ORDER
    General Rule
    The Extension of The Documentary Disclosure Order in IP Disputes
    COLLECTING OF EVIDENCE BY COURTS
    Courts’ Power to Collecting of Evidence on its own Initiative
    Maritime Courts’ Power to Collecting of Evidence
    Collecting of Evidence on Party’s Application
    SECURITY FOR EVIDENCE PRESERVATION APPLICATIONS
    Rule of Security for IP and Maritime Pre-action Application
    Exception for Furnishing Security for Pre-action and Post-action Application
    Amount of Security
    TIME LIMIT OF RENDERING POST-ACTION ORDERS
    TIME LIMIT OF EVIDENCE PRESERVATIN ORDERS
    DISCHARGE OF EVIDENCE PRESERVATION ORDERS
    COMPENSATION CAUSED BY WRONGFUL EVIDENCE PRESERVATION
    Liability Principle
    Principle of Common Evidence
    Causative link and Burden of Proof
    Actual Property Damages
    EVIDENCE PRESERVATION FEES
    EVIDENCE PRESERVATION FEES
    Annex 1
    Annex 2
    Annex 3
    Part 6 - Comparative Analysis of Interim Measures in two Jurisdiction
    Chapter 11: Comparative Analysis of Interim Measures on Visible & Invisible Factors – England & Wales v. China
    OVERVIEW OF THE CHAPTER
    Summary
    Major Conclusions after Comparative Analysis
    COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERIM MEASURES ON VISIBLE FACTORS
    Visible Factors
    Warning on Comparative Analysis pursued on Visible Factors
    Comparative Analysis of Working Methods of Courts for seeking Interim Measures
    Comparative Analysis – Freezing Orders (England & Wales) v. Preservation of Property Measures (China)
    Comparative Analysis – Interim Injunction (England & Wales) v. Preservation of Behaviour Measures (China)
    Comparative Analysis – Search Orders (England & Wales) v. Preservation of Evidence Measures (China)
    THEORY RELEVANT TO COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERIM MEASURES
    Difference between Visible and Invisible Factors
    Warning to Readers
    Comparative Procedural Law relevant to Interim Measures
    Discretionary Power & Human Angle – A Key factor relevant to Interim Measures
    INVISIBLE FACTORS AND CONTEXTS – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENCE ON SEEKING INTERIM MEAUSURES FROM COURTS
    Effects on Legal Practice
    Invisible Factor of Historical Evolution of Substantive and Procedural Law
    Invisible Factor of Historical Evolution of Injunctions and Preservation Measures
    Invisible Factor of Jurisprudence
    Invisible Factor of Legal Philosophy of Civil Litigation
    Invisible factor of Philosophy of finding truth in Judicial practice
    Training of Judges
    Invisible Factor of Concept of Standards of Proof
    Standard of Proof at the time of application
    During Interim Hearings
    Invisible Factor of Discretionary Power of Judges
    CONCLUDING REMARKS

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